Genetic Variations Influence Efficacy of Weight-Loss Medications
Genetic Factors in Weight-Loss Drug Response
Individuals possessing certain genetic variations may experience notably different outcomes when utilising popular weight-loss medications, such as Wegovy and Mounjaro, according to a recent study published in the prestigious journal, Nature. The findings illuminate why some patients achieve substantial weight reduction, while others see minimal change or suffer pronounced side-effects like nausea and vomiting.
These medications function by mimicking a natural gut hormone, thereby suppressing appetite and fostering a sense of fullness. The study, which analysed data from 15,000 individuals, found that carriers of specific genetic variants achieved an average additional weight loss of 0.76kg (1.6 lbs). Those with two copies of a particular variant could potentially double this amount. This variant is notably more prevalent in individuals of European ancestry.
Understanding Side-Effects and Future Implications
Beyond efficacy, the research also identified a genetic variant linked to heightened adverse reactions, particularly severe vomiting, in patients taking tirzepatide (Mounjaro). This could explain why a small percentage of users experience unusually intense side-effects.
While genetic predisposition plays a role, experts emphasise that other factors, including age, sex, and ethnicity, also influence treatment outcomes. Professor Ruth Loos from the University of Copenhagen highlighted that while the genetic effect is modest, it is not trivial. However, she cautioned that further independent studies are needed to validate these findings.
The long-term vision is for this research to contribute to "precision medicine," where genetic and other personal data can guide the selection of the most appropriate weight-loss medication, optimising benefits and minimising risks. However, Professor Naveed Sattar, a metabolic health expert from the University of Glasgow, noted that despite the scientific interest, these findings are still some way from altering current clinical practice. He stressed the need for more robust trial data to fully understand the balance of benefits and harms with these emerging therapies.
